io.github.stonematt/mcp-obsidian-cli
NPM · MCP-OBSIDIAN-CLI · SCANNED SEP 20
Save chat notes from Claude Desktop to your vault — MCP on Obsidian CLI. Keep what matters.
Available components
How this component scores in each security and reliability category. Every signal is checked automatically from public evidence about the published package, including repeated runs of it in an isolated sandbox, and we only credit what we can confirm. How we score → Why this is hard to score →
Supply Chain Security98
- No malware found by supply-chain analysis.Pass
- No known CVEs affecting this package version or its production dependencies.Pass
- No install/post-install scripts declared.Pass
- 31 of 98 dependencies flagged as unhealthy. View diagnostics → Partial
Provenance & Transparency97
- Source repository is publicly reachable at the declared URL. View diagnostics → Pass
- Cryptographically verified build provenance (signed, bound to stonematt/mcp-obsidian-cli). View diagnostics → Pass
- Clear OSI-approved license (MIT).Pass
- Actively maintained (last published 11 days ago).Pass
- Disclosure check failed: no security disclosure policy was found in the source repository. See how to fix → Fail
Schema Quality & AI Usability83
- 100% of prompts and resources have a non-trivial description (not blank, and not just the item's name).Pass
- AI-judged instruction clarity (excellent).Pass
- Context-footprint check failed: tool/resource definitions use about 4139 tokens (~159/item across 26 items; 23 tools + 3 resources), over budget; trim descriptions and params. See how to fix → Fail
- Usage-examples check failed: none of the tools include examples. See how to fix → Fail
Stability & Change Management90
- Stability observed for 27 of 30 days with no destabilising changes; credit accrues until the full window elapses.Partial
Tool Coverage100
- 100% of tools have a non-trivial description (not blank, and not just the tool's name).Pass
- 100% of tool parameters carry a description.Pass
Tool Safety75
- No prompt-injection markers were found in the server instructions, tool names or descriptions we captured.Pass
- 0 of 2 tool(s) whose name or description implies an irreversible operation declare an MCP destructiveHint annotation; "obsidian_command" implies "execute" and declares no destructiveHint at all, which the MCP spec reads as destructive by default. See how to fix → Fail
- An AI judge read all 24 captured unit(s) of tool text and found none that tries to manipulate the model reading it.Pass
Capabilities100
- Implements a supported MCP spec version (2025-11-25); the latest is 2026-07-28.Pass
How do I install the io.github.stonematt/mcp-obsidian-cli server?
io.github.stonematt/mcp-obsidian-cli runs locally as an npm package, launched with npx -y mcp-obsidian-cli. Ready-made configuration for Claude, Cursor, VS Code, Codex and 5 more is on this page, copied from each client's own documentation.
npm · mcp-obsidian-cli
claude mcp add stonematt-mcp-obsidian-cli -- npx -y mcp-obsidian-cli
{
"mcpServers": {
"stonematt-mcp-obsidian-cli": {
"command": "npx",
"args": [
"-y",
"mcp-obsidian-cli"
]
}
}
} {
"servers": {
"stonematt-mcp-obsidian-cli": {
"command": "npx",
"args": [
"-y",
"mcp-obsidian-cli"
]
}
}
} codex mcp add stonematt-mcp-obsidian-cli -- npx -y mcp-obsidian-cli
{
"$schema": "https://opencode.ai/config.json",
"mcp": {
"stonematt-mcp-obsidian-cli": {
"type": "local",
"command": [
"npx",
"-y",
"mcp-obsidian-cli"
],
"enabled": true
}
}
} openclaw mcp add stonematt-mcp-obsidian-cli --command npx --arg -y --arg mcp-obsidian-cli
mcp_servers:
stonematt-mcp-obsidian-cli:
command: "npx"
args: ["-y", "mcp-obsidian-cli"] {
"McpServers": {
"stonematt-mcp-obsidian-cli": {
"Transport": "stdio",
"Command": "npx",
"Arguments": [
"-y",
"mcp-obsidian-cli"
]
}
}
} assistant mcp add stonematt-mcp-obsidian-cli -t stdio -c npx -a -y mcp-obsidian-cli
{
"mcpServers": {
"stonematt-mcp-obsidian-cli": {
"command": "npx",
"args": [
"-y",
"mcp-obsidian-cli"
]
}
}
} Every change we have recorded for this component, newest first. Security-relevant changes are always shown. ▲ marks a change for the better, ▼ a change for the worse; unmarked changes are neutral.
- 20 Sept 26 +1
No change was recorded against any check on this day. Stability & Change Management went from 87 to 90. That category is still filling its 30-day observation window: 26 days of observed history at the previous scan, 27 at this one. The score rises as the window fills, whether or not the server changes.
- 18 Sept 26 +1
No change was recorded against any check on this day. Stability & Change Management went from 80 to 83. That category is still filling its 30-day observation window: 24 days of observed history at the previous scan, 25 at this one. The score rises as the window fills, whether or not the server changes.
- 16 Sept 26 −3
- Stability: pass → 0.77 functional
- 15 Sept 26 0
- Stability: 0.97 → pass security
- Security disclosure: unverified → fail ▼ functional
- 14 Sept 26 +1
- Security disclosure: fail → unverified ▼ functional
- 12 Sept 26 +1
No change was recorded against any check on this day. Stability & Change Management went from 87 to 90. That category is still filling its 30-day observation window: 26 days of observed history at the previous scan, 27 at this one. The score rises as the window fills, whether or not the server changes.
- 10 Sept 26 −2
- Stability: pass → 0.83 functional
- 9 Sept 26 +15
- Malware scan: unverified → pass ▲ security
- Stability: 0.97 → pass security
Diagnostic detail from the automated scan of this channel: what the scanner observed at each step, so you can see exactly where a check passed or failed. It is informational only and never changes the trust score.
Captured 20 Sept 2026 · Analysed npm/mcp-obsidian-cli@2.1.0
Provenance Verified
A signed build attestation was found and verified, binding this exact artifact to the source repository it claims to come from.
| Result | Verified |
|---|---|
| Ecosystem | npm |
| Reason | Verified |
| Discovered via | Registry attestation endpoint |
| Source repo | stonematt/mcp-obsidian-cli |
| Certificate issuer | https://token.actions.githubusercontent.com |
| Certificate SAN | https://github.com/stonematt/mcp-obsidian-cli/.github/workflows/publish.yml@refs/tags/v2.1.0 |
| Rekor log index | 2760191239 |
| Predicate type | https://slsa.dev/provenance/v1 |
| Subject digest | sha512:f9adf9fb50ee06ab3b11a43d0dd1d35e038f75f3fa4a6251ca277efb723939ee289c39db01cb87a9f6d6038b0c709ac0c80a6fd7f435d43b90405d3fb |
Background: How many MCP packages publish verified provenance →
Dependencies 98 packages
| Packages resolved | 98 |
|---|---|
| Stale | 31 |
| Tree resolution | Complete |
Background: SBOMs and build attestations, explained →
The tools this component advertises to a client, with an estimated token cost for each. Expand a tool to see its parameters and schema. The per-tool counts are indicative and are not scored directly; the schema's total context footprint is one signal in Schema Quality & AI Usability. A tool's description is untrusted text the model reads on every call, which is what makes this list a security surface and not just an inventory: how tool poisoning works →
obsidian ~340
Run any Obsidian CLI command. Pass the full command string exactly as you would on the terminal (minus the leading 'obsidian' binary name). Leading `vault=NAME` overrides the active vault and is cached for subsequent calls. Intent -> verb cheatsheet. Use the canonical verb on the right; the convenience tools (`obsidian_*`) wrap the same verbs with typed args. PUT put new note from template -> templater:create-from-template template=… file=… create plain note -> create path=… content=… append to today's daily -> daily:append content=… GET read note -> read path=… (or file=…) search content -> search:context query=… [path=… limit=…] list properties / read one -> properties [file=…] | property:read name=… file=… list backlinks -> backlinks file=… MOVE/RENAME move or rename note -> move file=… to=… (or path=…) DELETE delete note -> delete path=… DISCOVER list files -> files [folder=… ext=…] list tags with counts -> tags counts [sort=name|count] list tasks -> tasks [daily todo done path=…] recently opened -> recents CLI reference -> help [verb] If you don't see the intent here, the CLI's `help` verb is the source of truth.
| Name | Type | Req | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| command | string | yes | CLI command and arguments |
No output schema declared.
No examples provided.
obsidian_backlinks ~91
List backlinks to a note. Parameters: file (optional) — note name (wikilink resolution) path (optional) — exact file path Examples: obsidian_backlinks({ file: "Project Plan" }) obsidian_backlinks({ path: "Ideas/brainstorm.md" })
| Name | Type | Req | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| file | string | – | File name |
| path | string | – | File path |
No output schema declared.
No examples provided.
obsidian_command ~181
Execute an Obsidian command by its canonical command ID. Wraps the CLI's `command` Verb. Triggers any core or plugin command exactly as the user would from the command palette — identified by its stable command ID (e.g. 'editor:toggle-bold', 'app:go-back', 'daily-notes'). Discovering IDs: run the generic `obsidian` tool with the `commands` verb to list every available command ID, or `commands filter=<prefix>` to narrow by prefix (e.g. 'commands filter=editor:'). Parameters: id (required) — the command ID to execute Examples: obsidian_command({ id: "editor:toggle-bold" }) obsidian_command({ id: "daily-notes" })
| Name | Type | Req | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| id | string | yes | Obsidian command ID to execute |
No output schema declared.
No examples provided.
obsidian_create ~219
Create a new PLAIN note (no Templater expansion). This wraps the CLI's `create` verb. It does NOT expand Templater placeholders like `<% tp.date.now() %>` — if your template contains placeholders, use `obsidian_create_from_template` instead, which routes to `templater:create-from-template`. Parameters: name (optional) — file name for the new note path (optional) — vault-relative path content (optional) — initial markdown content (literal, no placeholder expansion) Examples: obsidian_create({ name: "Meeting 2026-04-03", content: "# Meeting Notes\n\n- Attendees: ..." }) obsidian_create({ path: "Projects/new-idea.md", content: "# New idea" })
| Name | Type | Req | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| content | string | – | Initial content (literal — Templater placeholders are NOT expanded; use obsidian_create_from_template for that) |
| name | string | – | File name |
| path | string | – | File path |
No output schema declared.
No examples provided.
obsidian_create_from_template ~256
Create a new note from a Templater template, expanding placeholders. This wraps the CLI's `templater:create-from-template` verb. Use this whenever the template contains Templater placeholders such as `<% tp.date.now() %>`, `<% tp.file.title %>`, or any other `<% ... %>` expression — those are evaluated by Obsidian's Templater plugin and substituted into the output. For plain notes with no placeholder expansion, use `obsidian_create`. Parameters: template (required) — vault-relative path to the Templater template (e.g. "Templates/daily.md") file (required) — vault-relative output path for the new note (e.g. "Daily/2026-05-18.md") Examples: obsidian_create_from_template({ template: "Templates/daily.md", file: "Daily/2026-05-18.md" }) obsidian_create_from_template({ template: "Templates/project.md", file: "Projects/new-idea.md" })
| Name | Type | Req | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| file | string | yes | Vault-relative output path for the new note |
| template | string | yes | Vault-relative path to the Templater template |
No output schema declared.
No examples provided.
obsidian_daily_append ~90
Append content to today's daily note. Parameters: content (required) — markdown text to append at the end of today's daily note Examples: obsidian_daily_append({ content: "- Meeting with team at 3pm" }) obsidian_daily_append({ content: "> [!tip] Remember\n> Review PR before EOD" })
| Name | Type | Req | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| content | string | yes | Content to append |
No output schema declared.
No examples provided.
obsidian_daily_path ~47
Get the file path of today's daily note. Returns the vault-relative path (e.g. 'Daily/2026-04-03.md'). Useful for constructing paths for other tools.
Input schema present but exposes no named parameters.
No output schema declared.
No examples provided.
obsidian_daily_read ~37
Read today's daily note contents. Returns the full markdown content of today's daily note. Returns an error if no daily note exists for today.
Input schema present but exposes no named parameters.
No output schema declared.
No examples provided.
obsidian_delete ~223
Delete a note, selecting it by file name or exact path. Wraps the CLI's `delete` Verb. DESTRUCTIVE: by default the note is moved to the system trash (recoverable). Pass `permanent: true` to skip the trash and delete irrecoverably — there is no undo for a permanent delete. Parameters: file (optional) — note name using wikilink resolution (e.g. 'My Note') path (optional) — exact vault-relative path (e.g. 'folder/My Note.md') permanent (optional) — true to skip trash and delete permanently (irreversible) One of file or path is required. Examples: obsidian_delete({ file: "Old Draft" }) — moves to trash obsidian_delete({ path: "Inbox/spam.md", permanent: true }) — irreversible
| Name | Type | Req | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| file | string | – | File name (wikilink resolution) |
| path | string | – | Exact file path |
| permanent | boolean | – | Skip trash and delete permanently (irreversible) |
No output schema declared.
No examples provided.
obsidian_files ~96
List files in the vault or a specific folder. Parameters: folder (optional) — filter by folder path ext (optional) — filter by file extension (e.g. 'md', 'canvas') Examples: obsidian_files({}) obsidian_files({ folder: "Projects/", ext: "md" })
| Name | Type | Req | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| ext | string | – | Filter by extension |
| folder | string | – | Filter by folder path |
No output schema declared.
No examples provided.
obsidian_help ~338
Get Obsidian help: a live verb index from the CLI, or reference docs by slug. Parameters: topic (optional) — a verb name (e.g. "read", "daily:append", "property:set") OR a reference-doc slug (cli, markdown, bases, canvas) Behavior: - No topic — returns the live, category-grouped verb index parsed from the CLI's `help` output (Read, Write, Edit, Discover, Tasks, Daily, Properties, Plugins, Dev, Eval). - Verb name — returns that verb's description and flag list from the live manifest. - Doc slug — returns the Kepano-derived reference prompt (markdown / bases / canvas / cli syntax). - Collision rule: the four reserved doc slugs (cli, markdown, bases, canvas) always return their reference doc, even when a CLI verb shares the name (e.g. `bases`). The shadowed verb still appears in the no-arg verb index. Examples: obsidian_help({}) — browse the verb catalog obsidian_help({ topic: "read" }) — live verb help for `read` obsidian_help({ topic: "markdown" }) — Obsidian-flavored markdown reference obsidian_help({ topic: "bases" }) — Bases YAML schema, filters, formulas obsidian_help({ topic: "canvas" }) — JSON Canvas reference obsidian_help({ topic: "cli" }) — CLI command syntax reference
| Name | Type | Req | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| topic | string | – | Verb name or reference-doc slug (cli, markdown, bases, canvas) |
No output schema declared.
No examples provided.
obsidian_history ~184
List the saved file-history versions of a note, selecting it by file name or exact path. Wraps the CLI's `history` Verb. Returns the version history (snapshots/sync revisions) recorded for a single note — not a list of recently-modified notes. Provide one of file or path to select the note. Parameters: file (optional) — note name using wikilink resolution (e.g. 'My Note') path (optional) — exact vault-relative path (e.g. 'folder/My Note.md') One of file or path is required. Examples: obsidian_history({ file: "Project Plan" }) obsidian_history({ path: "Daily/2026-05-20.md" })
| Name | Type | Req | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| file | string | – | File name (wikilink resolution) |
| path | string | – | Exact file path |
No output schema declared.
No examples provided.
obsidian_move ~213
Move or rename a note, selecting it by file name or exact path. Wraps the CLI's `move` Verb. Provide one of file or path to select the note, and `to` for the destination. Setting `to` to a new name in the same folder renames the note. Parameters: file (optional) — note name using wikilink resolution (e.g. 'My Note') path (optional) — exact vault-relative path (e.g. 'folder/My Note.md') to (required) — destination folder or vault-relative path One of file or path is required. Examples: obsidian_move({ file: "My Note", to: "Archive/" }) obsidian_move({ path: "Inbox/idea.md", to: "Projects/idea.md" })
| Name | Type | Req | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| file | string | – | File name (wikilink resolution) |
| path | string | – | Exact file path |
| to | string | yes | Destination folder or vault-relative path |
No output schema declared.
No examples provided.
obsidian_outline ~252
List the heading outline of a note, selecting it by file name or exact path. Wraps the CLI's `outline` Verb. Provide one of file or path. Optional `format` controls the output shape; optional `total` returns just the heading count. Parameters: file (optional) — note name using wikilink resolution (e.g. 'My Note') path (optional) — exact vault-relative path (e.g. 'folder/My Note.md') format (optional) — output format: 'tree' (default), 'md', or 'json' total (optional) — true to return the heading count instead of the outline One of file or path is required. Examples: obsidian_outline({ file: "Meeting Notes" }) obsidian_outline({ path: "Projects/plan.md", format: "json" }) obsidian_outline({ file: "Long Doc", total: true })
| Name | Type | Req | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| file | string | – | File name (wikilink resolution) |
| format | string | – | Output format (default: tree) |
| path | string | – | Exact file path |
| total | boolean | – | Return heading count instead of the outline |
No output schema declared.
No examples provided.
obsidian_properties ~145
List or read frontmatter properties. Parameters: file (optional) — note name for wikilink resolution path (optional) — exact file path name (optional) — specific property name to read (requires file or path) Examples: obsidian_properties({}) — list all properties with counts obsidian_properties({ file: "My Note" }) — properties of a specific note obsidian_properties({ file: "My Note", name: "status" }) — read one property
| Name | Type | Req | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| file | string | – | File name |
| name | string | – | Specific property name to read |
| path | string | – | File path |
No output schema declared.
No examples provided.
obsidian_property_set ~385
Set a frontmatter property on a note. Parameters: name (required) — property name value (required) — property value (see type for multi-valued props) type (optional) — property type: text (default) | list | number | checkbox | date | datetime file (optional) — note name (wikilink resolution) path (optional) — exact file path One of file or path is required. Multi-valued properties (tags, aliases, Links, etc.): You MUST pass type="list" AND a JSON-array string as value. Without type="list" the value is written as a single scalar string — a comma-separated value is NOT split into YAML list items, and bracketed wikilinks are never split. Use a JSON array universally; it is unambiguous for both plain strings and wikilinks. Examples: obsidian_property_set({ name: "status", value: "done", file: "My Task" }) obsidian_property_set({ name: "tags", value: "[\"project\", \"active\"]", type: "list", path: "Work/todo.md" }) obsidian_property_set({ name: "Links", value: "[\"[[plan]]\", \"[[baseline]]\"]", type: "list", file: "My Task" })
| Name | Type | Req | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| file | string | – | File name |
| name | string | yes | Property name |
| path | string | – | File path |
| type | string | – | Property type. Use "list" for multi-valued props (tags/aliases/Links) with a JSON-array value; omitting it writes a scalar string |
| value | string | yes | Property value. For type="list", pass a JSON-array string, e.g. '["a", "b"]' |
No output schema declared.
No examples provided.
obsidian_read ~129
Read a note by file name (wikilink-style) or exact path. Parameters: file (optional) — note name using wikilink resolution (e.g. 'My Note') path (optional) — exact vault-relative path (e.g. 'folder/My Note.md') One of file or path is required. Examples: obsidian_read({ file: "Meeting Notes" }) obsidian_read({ path: "Projects/todo.md" })
| Name | Type | Req | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| file | string | – | File name (wikilink resolution) |
| path | string | – | Exact file path |
No output schema declared.
No examples provided.
obsidian_recents ~31
List recently opened files. Returns the most recently opened files in the vault, ordered by last access time.
Input schema present but exposes no named parameters.
No output schema declared.
No examples provided.
obsidian_rename ~218
Rename a note, selecting it by file name or exact path. Wraps the CLI's `rename` Verb. Provide one of file or path to select the note, and `name` for the new file name. Renaming changes only the name within the same folder; use obsidian_move to relocate a note to a different folder. Parameters: file (optional) — note name using wikilink resolution (e.g. 'My Note') path (optional) — exact vault-relative path (e.g. 'folder/My Note.md') name (required) — the new file name One of file or path is required. Examples: obsidian_rename({ file: "Draft", name: "Final" }) obsidian_rename({ path: "Inbox/idea.md", name: "refined-idea.md" })
| Name | Type | Req | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| file | string | – | File name (wikilink resolution) |
| name | string | yes | New file name |
| path | string | – | Exact file path |
No output schema declared.
No examples provided.
obsidian_search ~128
Full-text search across the vault with line context. Parameters: query (required) — search terms, supports Obsidian query syntax path (optional) — restrict results to a folder path limit (optional) — max number of files to return Examples: obsidian_search({ query: "meeting notes" }) obsidian_search({ query: "project status", path: "Work/", limit: 5 })
| Name | Type | Req | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| limit | number | – | Max files to return |
| path | string | – | Limit to folder |
| query | string | yes | Search query |
No output schema declared.
No examples provided.
obsidian_tags ~94
List tags in the vault with counts. Returns structured JSON content (an array of { tag, count } objects) alongside the text form, so clients can consume it without re-parsing. Parameters: sort (optional) — 'name' or 'count' (default: name) Examples: obsidian_tags({}) obsidian_tags({ sort: "count" })
| Name | Type | Req | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| sort | string | – | Sort order |
No output schema declared.
No examples provided.
obsidian_tasks ~175
List tasks from vault notes. Returns structured JSON content (an array of task objects with status, text, file, and line) alongside the text form, so clients can consume it without re-parsing. Parameters: daily (optional) — true to show only today's daily note tasks todo (optional) — true to show only incomplete tasks done (optional) — true to show only completed tasks path (optional) — filter by file path Examples: obsidian_tasks({ daily: true }) obsidian_tasks({ todo: true, path: "Projects/" })
| Name | Type | Req | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| daily | boolean | – | Show only daily note tasks |
| done | boolean | – | Show completed tasks only |
| path | string | – | Filter by file path |
| todo | boolean | – | Show incomplete tasks only |
No output schema declared.
No examples provided.
obsidian_template_read ~209
Read the content of a template by name from the vault's templates folder. Wraps the CLI's `template:read` Verb. Returns the raw template text. Set `resolve` to expand the template's variables (e.g. Templater placeholders) instead of returning them literally; pass `title` to supply the title used during that variable resolution. Parameters: name (required) — template name (as it appears in the templates folder) resolve (optional) — true to resolve/expand template variables title (optional) — title used for variable resolution (with resolve) Examples: obsidian_template_read({ name: "daily" }) obsidian_template_read({ name: "meeting", resolve: true, title: "Standup 2026-05-20" })
| Name | Type | Req | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| name | string | yes | Template name |
| resolve | boolean | – | Resolve/expand template variables |
| title | string | – | Title for variable resolution (used with resolve) |
No output schema declared.
No examples provided.
What is the io.github.stonematt/mcp-obsidian-cli server?
io.github.stonematt/mcp-obsidian-cli is listed in the public MCP registry as io.github.stonematt/mcp-obsidian-cli. Save chat notes from Claude Desktop to your vault, MCP on Obsidian CLI. Keep what matters. This page covers its npm package (mcp-obsidian-cli).
Is the io.github.stonematt/mcp-obsidian-cli server safe to use?
io.github.stonematt/mcp-obsidian-cli scores 93 out of 100 on VerifyMCP. We found no known CVEs affecting it as of 20 September 2026. It declares no install or post-install scripts. Its build provenance is signed and verified. That is a record of what we were able to check automatically, not an endorsement. The category breakdown on this page shows every signal behind the number, including the ones we could not confirm.
What tools does the io.github.stonematt/mcp-obsidian-cli server expose?
io.github.stonematt/mcp-obsidian-cli exposes 23 tools: obsidian, obsidian_daily_read, obsidian_daily_path, obsidian_daily_append, obsidian_read, and 18 more. Their descriptions and schemas cost roughly 4,081 tokens of context every time the server is loaded.
Is the io.github.stonematt/mcp-obsidian-cli server still maintained?
io.github.stonematt/mcp-obsidian-cli is still listed as active in the MCP registry. We last reached this channel on 20 September 2026. Those dates come from our own scans of the registry and the channel itself, not from anything the publisher announced.
What licence is the io.github.stonematt/mcp-obsidian-cli server under?
io.github.stonematt/mcp-obsidian-cli declares the MIT licence, which is OSI-approved. That covers the source only, and says nothing about the cost of any service it calls.